This Rome information blog is written for the guests of the Bed and Breakfast Chaplin Hostel Rome.
Lupercale
A large vaulted hall found 16 meters beneath the Palatine hill in Rome is almost certainly the fabled Lupercale (from the Latin word for wolf) - a sanctuary believed by ancient Romans to be the cave where, according to legend, the twin boys Romulus and Remus were suckled by a she-wolf.
Remus and Romulus’ founding of Rome
According to the myth, Romulus and Remus, the twin sons of the god Mars, were abandoned by the banks of the river Tiber in Rome. A wolf found them and fed them with her milk. Later, they were reared by a shepherd and grew up to found Rome, supposedly on April 21st, 771 BC. Romulus became its first king after killing Remus, who mocked the height of the walls he was building.
Emperor Augustus and the Cave
The cave, decorated with mosaics, seashells and pumice stones, was found in a previously unexplored area during restoration work on the palace of Augustus, the first emperor of Rome. Augustus had probably wanted his residence built in a place sacred to the city. He had restored the sanctuary and connected it to his own abode.
When a camera probe was let down from the surface to examine the underground structure the outline of a white eagle was found at the apex of the vaulted ceiling. Since ancient texts indicate that the sanctuary was near the palace and a 16th century document recorded that the emperor had embellished the cave with just such a white eagle, the cave is indeed believed to be the famous mythical Lupercale.
More than two-thirds of the 8 meters high and 7.5 meters wide cavity, is filled with earth and debris and the location of the entrance is as yet unclear.
Many Euros
The Italian government is spending 12 million euros ($17.7 million) to restore the, so far surprisingly neglected despite being studded with monuments, Palatine ruins. In February 2008 the remains of Augustus’ palace will reopen to the public after having been closed for decades out of fear that some of its buildings could give way.
Fertility
The cult of the Lupercale was kept alive until the 5th century when Pope Gelasio I forbade the Romans to whip their wives. This whipping business took place while running around within the holy Palatine Hill and was supposed to make the ladies more fertile.
At the moment Italy has the lowest birthrate of Europe.